This study was conducted during summer and winter of 2018- 2019 in the agricultural research field of Shahid Chamran University. Experimental design was split- plot based on RCBD with three replications. The main plot was the type of agricultural system in three levels including conventional (Conv), organic (Org) and SUSTAINABLE (Sust) (integrated between Conv and Org) and sup- plot was the type of pre- cultivated crop in sequence with wheat including cultivation of mung bean (M- W), corn (C- W), sesame (S- W) and fallow (F- W). Yield quantity (yield and its component) and quality (grain protein), an estimate of photosynthesis matter transfer index of wheat and soil organic carbon (SOC) after one double-cropping were measured. The result showed that the highest (545.04 g/m2) and the lowest (409.28 g/m2) seed yields were obtained in Conv and Org respectively. In contract, with the changing type of system from Conv to Org, grain protein was increased significantly (from 8.3 to 9.6 %). In addition, the highest (535.47 g/m2) yield of wheat was obtained from M- W double cropping. On the other hands the highest remobilization and current photosynthesis matter were obtained in the organic agricultural system with M- W and conventional with M- W double cropping. The situation of SOC showed that the highest (33.18 mg/g) SOC was obtained in the organic agricultural system with C- W double cropping. The reason for improving SOC in the organic and SUSTAINABLE agricultural system was application of organic matter (compost and vermicompost) and crop residue management. Totally, from the crop ecology point of view, SUSTAINABLE agricultural method with a sequence of M- W was the most desirable system.

The objective of this research was to identify and evaluate the model of intelligent TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS considering the energy crisis and SUSTAINABLE development. The research was conducted in an exploratory and survey-based manner. In the qualitative section, the Delphi method was employed, while in the quantitative section, the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) methods were used. In the qualitative section, as well as in the ISM method, the target population consisted of managers and experts in the field of TRANSPORTATION, from which 15 individuals were selected using the purposive sampling technique. The influential components of the model were identified through a literature review technique. First, the identified components were filtered and assessed using the Delphi technique. Subsequently, modeling was conducted using the Delphi method and ISM. The software used for this purpose included EXCEL and MICMAC. The quantitative population consisted of an unlimited number of employees from TRANSPORTATION companies, with 384 individuals selected as the sample based on Cochran's formula. Data analysis was performed using coding and path analysis based on a researcher-made questionnaire and qualitative analysis. To fit the proposed model, the structural equation modeling technique in SMARTPLS software was employed. According to the Delphi technique, the identified categories included: electronic network management, route management, environmental factors, transparency of regulations, trust management, technical infrastructure, information standardization, and daily TRANSPORTATION forecasting. These, along with the main research component, were analyzed by experts. Based on the interpretive structural model, a five-level model was identified.

Considering the current problems in the field of TRANSPORTATION in Tehran, this paper attempts to develop a SUSTAINABLE technology assessment model in Tehran’s urban transport sector. The research was carried out in a mixed method. In the qualitative phase, using the principles of the data theory of the foundation, identifying the important components in the technology evaluation and compiling the paradigm model, was performed and in the quantitative phase, using the confirmatory factor analysis, the developed model was tested. The results of the study indicated that the topic of assessment of SUSTAINABLE technology in the urban transport sector of Tehran is related to the use of urban TRANSPORTATION technologies. Due to population growth and consequently the increasing demand for urban travel, the expansion of marginalization and migration around Tehran and limited natural and ecological resources, and energy resources are created. Strategies such as strategic and prospective planning in the urban transport sector of Tehran, capacity of TRANSPORTATION in proportion to the demand for urban travel, assessment of compliance with requirements, national and international regulations, assessment of the economic justification of SUSTAINABLE technology in the field of TRANSPORTATION and the possibility of creating the necessary investment with the resistance economy approach, evaluation of qualitative and technical functional considerations in the field of urban transport, assessment and monitoring of environmental impacts and life cycle analysis of TRANSPORTATION technologies, the use of clean and low carbon energy in TRANSPORTATION equipment, and so on are suggested. The strategies are influenced by the values and culture of society, the level of knowledge and public understanding of society from the risks of unSUSTAINABLE technologies in the field of TRANSPORTATION, urbanization culture and observance of laws and regulations in the field of TRANSPORTATION by people and characteristics of Tehran in terms of climatic, demographic, geographical, political, infrastructure, and engineering aspects. It is expected that the implementation of the mentioned strategies could lead to events and consequences such as promoting the status of Iran in international rankings, promoting physical and mental health, vitality and welfare of the society, and labor force productivity, optimal utilization of urban infrastructure and facilities, promoting the level of knowledge and attitudes towards the use of SUSTAINABLE technologies in transport, SUSTAINABLE economic growth, entrepreneurship and employment, efficiency and positive performance in the field of urban transport and the environmentally sound and productive urban environment.

Background and Objective: In this era, the use of vehicles, especially cars, has become a part of everyday life and it became tangible issue in metropolitan city like Tehran. Since developed and developing countries are looking for a SUSTAINABLE strategy to achieve a justifiable TRANSPORTATION as much as possible , this research focuses on the effect of intelligent TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS as one of the ideal technologies and new technologies in TRANSPORTATION and urban traffic management have been discussed in this respect.Method: This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey in terms of quantitative data collection methods. The statistical population of the research consists of all traffic experts and traffic organization of Tehran Municipality which is 550 people of which 145 were selected by stratified sampling method. A researcher made questionnaire was used to collect data.Findings: This research showed that the smart TRANSPORTATION system has a significant impact on SUSTAINABLE urban development including the components of environment, safety, economy, accessibility and mental health.Results: The intelligent TRANSPORTATION system is like a skeleton that connect the aforementioned components together in order to strengthen SUSTAINABLE development and to meet TRANSPORTATION needs with environmental, social and economic goals and to improve safety for society and future generations.   

Stable transport system is a collection of continuous dynamic policies and instructions that covers economic and environmental targets while results in a fair distribution and application of resources to full fill current and future needs of society. The goal of this research, which based on a descriptive analytic approach, is to find solutions for stable urban transport system in the city of Isfahan by comparing costs of private and public transport.  For this purpose, effective factors in developing public transport of Isfahan have been identified. Data mining has been done by a survey which extracted from theoretical principles of research and organized in 36 diction and 3 dimensions by using analytical exploring methods. Second questionnaire measured variables in a five degree Likert scale which prepared by using a simple random sampling method and given to residents of Isfahan. Then data analysis has been performed at two levels of descriptive statistics (distribution table, statistics indexes and graphs) and deductive statistics (t single variable). At the end three economic, social and environmental indexes have been considered as the main factors. 46 subset of the mentioned main factors have been identified which have affects in stability of Isfahan transport system. Also assumption of instability of Isfahan transport system has been confirmed by this research. In the end, the development and organization of bus lines and the culture of using buses instead of private cars were presented as the most important ways to achieve SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION in Isfahan.